Field
Reports

Energy Subsidy reform–Lessons and Implications; IMF Policy Paper; January 28, 2013 – 012813.pdf

‘Energy subsidies are pervasive and impose substantial fiscal and economic costs in most regions. On a “pre-tax” basis, subsidies for petroleum products, electricity, natural gas, and coal reached $480 billion in 2011 (0.7 percent of global GDP or 2 percent of total government revenues).’

via Energy Subsidy reform–Lessons and Implications; IMF Policy Paper; January 28, 2013 – 012813.pdf.